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In the previous post ( Databases Introduction )  we looked at different types of databases and simple concepts of tables. In this section, we will look at some basics of databases- tables, inner joins and outer joins. The syntax of SQL used here is for Oracle. However, it is very similar in all other databases such as MySQL, MS SQLServer, Postgres, etc.. Tables We will create two tables by using the SQL statements below:   create table customer (cust_id number(4,0) not null, customer_name varchar2(60) not null); create table invoice (invoice_id number(4) not null, cust_id number(4) not null , invoice_total number(10,2) default 0.00, paid_ind char(1)); In the first SQL we create the table called Customer with the column names cust_id and customer_name. Observe that we do not want to store null values in each of the columns in the customer table. In the second SQL we create the table invoice, which has its columns and also the cust_id column from the customer table. This is

Database In the information age (which started in 1940 or so when the US census used the first computer), a database is referred to as a silo of information which has data stored in a particular way. This makes stored data relevant to employees in order to make business decisions. Databases are a specific type of model. Models are any storage repository (server) which stores data whether it is a relational database, object-oriented database, flat or just files. In this article, we confine ourselves to relational databases like MySQL, MS SQLServer20xx, Oracle, Sybase, MS Access and HSQLDB. These are the most common relational databases currently in use. Non-Relational Databases Before we move onto relational databases we will first discuss non-relational ones. These demanded a lot of sort to find code by programmers in order to retrieve the data to the users. Consider the US phone book and the number 307-456-7892. In order to search the phone book to retrieve who is associated to